Concrete shingle.



J. H. WIEST.

CONCRETE SHINGLE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE a, 1908.

938,930. I Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

ial-a WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JONAS H. WIEST; OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO INDIANA CONCRETEFORM 00., OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA.

CONCRETE SHINGLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Jonas H. W'msr, a citizen of the United States,residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Shingles;and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form apartof this specification.

This invention relates to shingles for roofing buildings, the inventionhaving reference particularly to shingles that are composed ofstone-like substance and formed of plastic material, such as sand andcement mixed with water and metallic reinforcing.

Objects of the invention are to provide a permanent roofing shinglewhich will be proof against deterioration in use, to provide an improvedfire proof shingle that will be adapted to be manufactured cheaply andbe easily applied to buildings; a further object being to provide astrong and relatively ight weight concrete shingle and one which willpermit of circulation of air under the shingle or between the shinglesand roofing boards to which they may be attached.

The invention consists in an improved concrete shingle comprisingcertain novel features of construction, and also in parts, andcombinations and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter particularlydescribed and defined in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a front plan view of the improvedshingle as preferably constructed; Fig. 2, a rear plan view thereof;Fig. 3, a sectional view taken on the plane approximately parallel tothe plane of the front of the shingle; Fig. at an elevation showing aplurality of shingles as when arranged as parts of roofing; Fig. 5, afragmentary vertical sectional view of a roof formed of the improvedshingles; Fig. 6, a transverse sectional view on the line AA in Fig. 2;and Fig. 7, a transverse sectional view on the line BB in Fig. 2.

Similar reference characters in the differ ent figures of the drawingsindicate corresponding elements or features referred to herein.

The improved shingle may be made in various shapes and of any suitabledimensions, each shingle having a smooth planefaced front a which may besuitably formed by troweling the plastic material in the mold or form inwhich the shingles are made, 5 indicating the back of the shingle, 0 theend that is the uppermost end when in use, and 0 the lower end; eachshingle having two nail holes d and (Z in the upper portion thereof thatare countersunk at the front of the shingle. The two side edges 0 and cof the shingle are considerably longer than the dimension of the shingletransversely thereto and the lower end portion of the shingle has twoedges 7" and 7 that extend at angles to the edges 6 and c, and the lowerend portion 9 is thicker than the body portion of the shingle so as tostand out beyond the plane of the back Z) to form water sheds h and hextending from an apex z downward to the angular edges 7' and frespectively, so that the lowermost ends y and j of the water sheds donot extend out to the planes of the edges 6' and 6, thus leaving spacesat the joints of shingles to permit moisture to flow down and out, or topermit air to enter the space under each shingle to evaporate anymoisture that there may be under any shingle.

Metallic reinforcing 7c is embedded in each shingle so as to form a partthereof and may be composed of wire netting and extend throughout themiddle portions and nearly to the ends of the shingle. Suitable bearingpieces or pads Z and Z are preferably bedded in the back of the upperportion of the shingle so as to be attached thereto and project somewhatbeyond the plane of the back, and these preferably are composed ofasbestos composition so as to be yielding or pompressible and adapted tobe pierced by roofing nails, but may be in some cases composed ofrelatively hard but nonfrangible substance, in which case they have nailholes as m or m formed therein and registering with the nail holes (Zand (Z in the body of the shingle, so that the nail heads may be drivenagainst the bearing pieces without liability to cause fractures of thebody part.

In some cases a rib n is formed on the back 5 of the same material asthat of which the body of the shingle is formed and extending betweenthe bearing pieces Z and Z; also in some cases the'lower portion of theback 5 has projections 0 and 0' thereon to j to the said rear side ofthe opposite end por serve as bearings so as to enable the shingle tosustain considerable weight, especiallyv when of relatively large size.

The bearing pieces, Z, Z, are alike and are most cheaply formedof anysuitable fibrous or other yielding composition such as asbestos, as byshearing sheets of asbestos into strips and then shearing the stripsinto rectangular pieces, or blocks, and the pieces are placed in asuitable mold and covered by the plastic cement composition which entersand adheres to the fibrous material and holds the pieces in place, thepieces being bedded in the back of the shingle sufficiently deep toenable the bearing pieces, when nailed, to prevent the shingle frommoving longitudinally. When the bearing pieces are pierced by nails thelatter compress the substance of the pieces without transmitting anyforce against the cement composition surrounding the bearing pieces, andtherefore danger of fracturing the body of the shingle when nailing itfast is eliminated. The bearing pieces may be of any desired contourother than rectangular.

In practical use the shingles may be laid so as to overlap somewhat inthe manner as that in which shingles are ordinarily laid to formroofing, the bearing pieces Z and Z resting against the roofing boards20 and the lower end portions extending on to the fronts of lowershingles as usual, and it will be seen that the projections 0 or 0 bearnearly over the bearing pieces Z and Z of the under shingles in somecases, or the thicker lower ends of the outer shingles have bearingsnearly over the projections 0 or 0' of the shingles beneath and over thebearings Z and Z of other shingles that are attached to the roofingboards 39, so that there is little liability of fracture when shinglesare weighted with snow. If slight moisture gets under the shingles orforms under them it may evaporate in the air spaces under the shingles,or if excessive will flow down the water-sheds 7t and it and off fromthe lower ends thereof onto the shingles beneath.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is-

1. A shingle comprising a body part com posed of granular compositionand having one plane-faced side, the opposite side of one end portion ofthe body part having a bearing piece therein formed of substance havingfibrous characteristics, the granular composition entering and adheringto the substance of the bearing piece.

2. A shingle comprising a body part formed of frangible material andhaving one plane-faced side, one end portion of the body part beingrelatively thick and extending outward beyond the opposite or rear sideof the body part, and a bearing piece formed of fibrous yieldingsubstance and attached tion of the body part.

3. A shingle comprising an oblong body part having one plane-faced side,the opposite side of-one end portionof the body part having a projectingbearing part thereon, the opposite end portion of the body part having arelatively thick portion projecting beyond said opposite side andforming an gular water sheds that terminate in proximity to the end ofthe body part adjacent to the two opposite longer edges of the bodypart.

4. A shingle comprising an oblong body part having one plane-faced side,the opposite side of one end portion of the body part having abearing-piece bedded therein and extending outward therefrom, theopposite end portion of the body part being relatively thick andprojecting beyond said opposite side to form angular water sheds thatterminate at the end of the body part adjacent to the two oppositelonger edges of the body art.

p 5. A shingle comprising aplastic body part having a relatively thickend portion that has edges that extend angularly to the side edges ofthe body part, the opposite end portion having perforations therein, theback of the body part having a water-shed thereon that terminates atsaid angular edges, said back having also a plurality of projections anda rib thereon spaced apart, two yielding bearing-pieces bedded in theback of said body part, and metallic reinforcing material embedded insaid body part and extending between said bearing pieces and into saidthick end portion.

6. A shingle comprising an oblong body part having a relatively thickend portion that has relatively short edges extending angularly to thelonger side edges of the body part, the back of the body part having awater-shed thereon that terminates at said angular edges, two yieldingbearing-pieces bedded in the back of said body part, and metallicreinforcing material embedded in said body part and extending betweensaid bearing pieces and into said thick end portion.

7. A shingle comprising a body part, two yielding bearing-pieces beddedin one side of one end portion of the body part and projectingtherefrom, and metallic reinforcing material embedded insaid body partand extending between said bearing-pieces and into the opposite endportion of the body part.

8. A shingle comprising a body part having a plane-faced front withperforations in one end portion thereof, the back of said end portionhaving yielding bearing-pieces bedded therein opposite the perforationsand projecting beyond said back, said back having a rib thereon betweensaid bearing-pieces, and metallic reinforcing material embedded eeaeeoin said body part and extending between I forations in one end portionthereof, the opsaid bearing-pieces and into the opposite end portion ofthe body part.

9. A shingle comprising an oblong body part having a relatively thickend portion that has edges which extend angularly to the longer sideedges of the body part, the front of said body partbeing plane-faced andthe back of the body part having angular water-sheds thereon thatterminate at said angular edges, and metallic reinforcing materialembedded in said body part and extending into said thick end portion.

10. A shingle comprising an oblong body part having a plane-faced frontwith perposite end portion of the body part being relatively thickerthan the perforated end portion thereof, and yielding bearing-piecesbedded in the back or opposite side of said perforated end portionopposite the perforations therein.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses,on the 5th day of June, 1908.

JONAS H. ,VIEST.

lVitnesses HARRY D. PIERSON, E. T. SILVIUs.

